当前腐败现象的特点和对策分析

论述了当前腐败现象的表现和特点,分析了产生腐败现象的主要原因,提出了治理腐败现象的对策措施: 建立有效的教育机制、严格的用人机制、规范的决策机制、健全的管理机制、完善的监督机制和有力的责任追究机制,建立科学的法人治理结构并实行纪检监察机构派驻制。     

企业滋生腐败与防范中的问题研究

分析了产生腐败的内在因素和外在环境;提出了企业在反腐败工作中存在的自律方面的问题、权利作用问题和监督部门的设置问题,并提出建立“分离分立不分家,制约制衡不掣肘”的防范机制。     

谈公务员腐败产生的根源

结合实际,从经济、政治、历史文化、主观心理、技术及国外影响等方面分析了公务员腐败产生的根源。     

行政权力腐败的模型分析及治理对策

腐败是与政府行政权力相伴生的痼疾，既是一个历史现象又是一个国际现象。贪污腐败和寻租腐败是委托一代理模型中最典型的腐败方式，文章在此基础上对贪污腐败和寻租腐败进行成本一收益分析和市场均衡分析，并探讨治理行政权力腐败的有效途径。     

Extending the color gamut and dynamic range of an sRGB image using a residual image

Image sources, such as digital camera captures and photographic negatives, typically have more information than can be reproduced on a photographic print or a video display. The information that is lost during the tone/color rendering process relates to both the extended dynamic range and color gamut of the original scene. In conventional photographic systems, most of this additional information is archived on the photographic negative and can be accessed by adjusting the way the negative is printed. However, most digital imaging systems have traditionally archived only a rendered video RGB image. As a result, it is not possible to make the same sorts of image manipulations that historically have been possible with conventional photographic systems. This suggests that there would be an advantage to storing images using an extended dynamic range/color gamut color encoding. However, because of file compatibility issues, digital imaging systems that store images using color encoding other than a standard video RGB representation (e.g., sRGB) would be significantly disadvantaged in the marketplace. In this article, we describe a solution that has been developed to maintain compatibility with existing file formats and software applications, while simultaneously retaining the extended dynamic range and color gamut information associated with the original scenes. With this approach, the input raw digital camera image or film scan is first transformed to the scene‐referred ERIMM RGB color encoding. Next, a rendered sRGB image is formed in the usual way and stored in a conventional image file (e.g., a standard JPEG file). A residual image representing the difference between the original extended dynamic range image and the final rendered image is formed and stored in the image file using proprietary metadata tags. This provides a mechanism for archiving the extended dynamic range/color gamut information, which is normally discarded during the rendering process, without sacrificing interoperability. Appropriately enabled applications can decode the residual image metadata and use it to reconstruct the ERIMM RGB image, whereas applications that are not aware of the metadata will ignore it and only have access to the sRGB image. The residual image is formed such that it will have negligible pixel values for those portions of the image that lie within the sRGB gamut, and will therefore be highly compressible. Tests on a population of 950 real customer images have demonstrated that the extended dynamic range scene information can be stored with an average file size overhead of about 8% compared to the sRGB images alone. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 251–266, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10160     

Object-oriented query language access to relational databases: A semantic framework for query translation

This research investigates and approach to query processing in a multidatabase system that uses an objectoriented model to capture the semantics of other data models. The object-oriented model is used to construct a global schema, defining an integrated view of the different schemas in the environment. The model is also used as a self-describing model to build a meta-database for storing information about the global schema. A unique aspect of this work is that the object-oriented model is used to describe the different data models of the multidatabase environment, thereby extending the meta database with semantic information about the local schemas. With the global and local schemas all represented in an object-oriented form, structural mappings between the global schema and each local schema are then easily supported. An object algebra then provides a query language for expressing global queries, using the structural mappings to translate object algebra queries into SQL queries over local relational schema. The advantage of using an object algebra is that the object-oriented database can be viewed as a blackboard for temporary storage of local data and for establishing relationships between different databases. The object algebra can be used to directly retrieve temporarily-stored data from the object-oriented database or to transparently retrieve data from local sources using the translation process described in this paper.     

Teaching-Material Design Center: An ontology-based system for customizing reusable e-materials

Use of electronic teaching materials (e-material) to support teaching is a trend. e-Material design is therefore an important issue. Currently, most e-material providers offer a package of solutions for different purposes. However, not all teachers and learners need everything from a single package. A preferable alternative is to find useful material from different packages and combine them for a particular course. Currently, most educators collect the material manually, which is time-consuming and may result in missed material. In this paper, we describe a system – the Teaching-Material Design Center, which follows the standard of Sharable Content Object Reference Model – to separate e-material for use as teaching templates and learning objects and to label the material with use of semantic metadata for searching. This system can find existing teaching templates and learning objects for e-material designers and provide a convenient environment for constructing customized e-material for different requirements. We describe the implementation and evaluation of the proposed system for a course. Our system is efficient in finding teaching templates and learning objects and shortening the e-material development process.     

CONTEXTUALIZING LEARNING OBJECTS USING ONTOLOGIES

Educational research over the past three years has intensified such that the context of learning resources needs to be properly modeled. Many researchers have described and even mandated the use of ontologies in the research being conducted, yet the process of actually connecting one or more ontologies to a learning object has not been extensively discussed. This paper describes a practical model for associating multiple ontologies with learning objects while making full use of the IEEE LOM specification. The model categorizes these ontologies according to five major categories of context based on the most popular fields of study actively being pursued by the educational research community: Thematic context, Pedagogical context, Learner context, Organizational context, and Historical/Statistical context.     

空间数据库中栅格元数据管理模型的设计与实现

分析了栅格元数据基于文件、关系表和XML的3种存储管理方式,比较它们的优缺点,得出了XML适合描述空间数据库中栅格元数据的层次性、复杂性和面向对象性,并具有可扩展性。在BeyonDB中设计和实现了基于XML的栅格元数据管理模型,并以地球系统科学数据共享平台中DEM数据集为例验证该模型的可扩展性,为空间数据库中海量遥感影像数据的管理研究提供参考。     

基于模板的．Net三层架构的代码自动生成

三层架构是数据库开发中最常用的分层架构。三层结构能够提高代码重用率,降低项目开发难度。为了解决手工编写三层架构的代码工作量大且容易出错的问题,使用．Net平台提供的动态编译和反射技术,设计并实现了基于可定制模板的自动代码生成器。该代码生成器利用三层架构的代码依赖数据库的架构信息这一特点,以数据库架构信息、Xml配置文件和模板文件作为输入,输出三层架构的各层代码。用户可以修改Xml配置文件的内容和使用该代码生成器提供的模板语言定制、修改自己的模板文件,方便、灵活地控制输出的目标代码。代码生成器的使用在实际的项目开发中具有重要的意义。